What happens to your body when you are HIV positive?

Understanding HIV and Its Impact on the Body
When a person tests positive for HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), it marks the beginning of a complex interaction between the virus and the body’s immune system. HIV is primarily known for its ability to attack and weaken the immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells, which are crucial for fighting off infections and diseases.
Initial Symptoms and Acute HIV Infection
In the first few weeks after exposure to HIV, many individuals experience what is known as acute HIV infection. This phase can present flu-like symptoms, including fever, sore throat, rash, and fatigue. These symptoms occur as the body’s immune system responds to the virus, which is rapidly multiplying during this time . This initial reaction can be overwhelming, and it is often mistaken for a common viral infection.
The Asymptomatic Phase
Following the acute phase, many individuals enter a stage known as the asymptomatic period or chronic HIV infection. During this time, the virus continues to replicate in the body, but the person may not exhibit any symptoms. However, even in this phase, HIV is actively damaging the immune system by killing CD4 cells, which can lead to a gradual decline in immune function . This period can last for several years, during which the individual may feel healthy but is still capable of transmitting the virus to others.
Progression to AIDS
If left untreated, HIV can progress to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), the most severe phase of HIV infection. This occurs when the immune system becomes severely compromised, typically defined by a CD4 cell count dropping below 200 cells per cubic millimeter of blood or the occurrence of certain opportunistic infections or cancers. At this stage, the body becomes vulnerable to infections that a healthy immune system would normally fend off, leading to serious health complications.
Long-Term Effects and Management
The long-term effects of living with HIV can vary significantly among individuals. Some may experience chronic health issues related to the virus or its treatment, while others may maintain a relatively healthy life with proper medical care. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed HIV from a fatal diagnosis into a manageable chronic condition. With consistent treatment, individuals can achieve viral suppression, meaning the virus is undetectable in their blood, significantly reducing the risk of transmission and allowing for a near-normal life expectancy.
Conclusion
Living with HIV requires ongoing medical care and lifestyle adjustments. Regular monitoring of CD4 counts and viral load, adherence to ART, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are crucial for managing the virus and preserving immune function. While the diagnosis can be daunting, advancements in treatment have empowered many individuals to lead fulfilling lives despite their HIV status.

How is a person affected by HIV?

HIV targets the body’s white blood cells, weakening the immune system. This makes it easier to get sick with diseases like tuberculosis, infections and some cancers. HIV is spread from the body fluids of an infected person, including blood, breast milk, semen and vaginal fluids.

How does HIV affect the body physically?

HIV is a virus that’s most often spread through blood and bodily fluids, typically but not exclusively through sexual contact. It attacks and kills a certain type of white blood cell in the body, which weakens the immune system and makes it hard for people to fight off illnesses and infections.

How does HIV affect a person’s life?

Living with HIV can increase the likelihood of stress, anxiety, and depression. In addition, some opportunistic infections can affect the nervous system, resulting in changes in behavior and thinking. Anyone concerned about their mental or emotional health should contact a healthcare professional.

How long can you live with HIV without knowing?

You may not have any symptoms at all for up to 10 years. At that point, HIV begins to make it hard for your body to fight off infections, so you can get infections that normally wouldn’t affect you. When your immune system reaches a certain point of weakness, that’s when HIV becomes AIDs.

What to avoid when you are HIV positive?

Because people living with HIV may be at greater risk for food-borne illness, they should protect themselves by following these tips: Don’t eat raw eggs, raw meats, or raw seafood. Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly before eating them.

What to do if you are positive with HIV?

See an HIV and AIDS Doctor Right Away
But once you know you’re HIV-positive, see a doctor with experience in HIV and AIDS as soon as you can. Don’t put it off. Your doctor will run tests to see how well your immune system is working, how fast the HIV is progressing, and how healthy your body is overall.

What happens if you’re HIV positive?

Without treatment, the immune system will become severely damaged, and life-threatening illnesses such as cancer and severe infections can occur. If you’re planning on getting pregnant, it’s important to talk to a GP. Although rare, it’s possible to transmit HIV to your baby.

How do you feel when you have HIV?

How do people with HIV feel? People with stage 1 HIV may experience generalized symptoms, such as fever, headache, or fatigue, that they may mistake for the flu. Some people may not have any symptoms and may not know they have HIV until it progresses or they test positive.

How does it feel to get HIV?

Most people infected with HIV experience a short, flu-like illness that occurs 2-6 weeks after infection. After this, HIV may not cause any symptoms for several years. It’s estimated up to 80% of people who are infected with HIV experience this flu-like illness.

What is life with HIV like?

Most people with HIV can live long and healthy lives if they get and stay on treatment. There will be a period of adjustment. People who are newly diagnosed can feel many emotions—sadness, hopelessness, and even anger. Pay attention to your mental health.